{"id":3372,"date":"2025-08-08T09:02:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-08T15:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/?p=3372"},"modified":"2025-08-08T09:03:37","modified_gmt":"2025-08-08T15:03:37","slug":"thanh-da-minh-va-dong-giang-thuyet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/?p=3372","title":{"rendered":"Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 D\u00f2ng Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1. V\u1eca T\u1ed4 PH\u1ee4 \u1ea8N DANH<\/h3>\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n

\u201cS\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau qua nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d <\/em>(Vat. II). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c ngay khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ngay khi h\u1ecd qua \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1226, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Th\u00e1nh Phanxico v\u1eabn c\u00f2n in \u0111\u1eadm n\u00e9t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c tuy s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt \u00e2m th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, r\u1ea5t \u1ea9n d\u1eadt, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f5i b\u01b0\u1edbc noi theo. Tuy c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u00edt g\u00e2y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i; nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u1eabn mang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt l\u1edbn lao. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u1ea9n d\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi Ng\u00e0i qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u0103m 1221, D\u00f2ng Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u2013 D\u00d2NG ANH EM GI\u1ea2NG THUY\u1ebeT m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111au bu\u1ed3n ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i an ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng; nh\u01b0ng anh em trong D\u00f2ng l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng qua vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u1ee7y th\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n phong v\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00f4n k\u00ednh. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi D\u00f2ng anh em h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn \u2013 D\u00f2ng Phan-xic\u00f4, Anh em D\u00f2ng Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch \u201cCu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh<\/em>\u201c, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u201cT\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Anh em Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u1ea7n gian, Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh ch\u1ec9 lu\u00f4n mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong anh em\u201d<\/em>, v\u00e0 khi qua \u0111\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n anh em. Theo c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3i trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i qua D\u00f2ng Ng\u00e0i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y g\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed9 m\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00e1nh Phan-xi-c\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng m\u00e0 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. Khi tranh \u0111\u1ea5u ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh \u1edf Ph\u00e1p n\u0103m 1839, Cha Lacordaire \u2013 nh\u00e0 h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cN\u1ebfu Ch\u00faa cho t\u00f4i quy\u1ec1n s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t D\u00f2ng m\u1edbi, t\u00f4i d\u00e1m \u0111oan ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ef1u tr\u00e0o c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3y n\u0103m sau, b\u0103n kho\u0103n v\u1ec1 \u01a1n g\u1ecdi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, H\u1ed3ng Y Newman \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cTheo c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh \u0111ang r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh\u201d. <\/em>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i h\u01a1i lo ng\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 \u0110a Minh mi\u1ec1n Florence r\u1eb1ng: \u201cC\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0110a Minh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n su\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa v..v\u2026v\u00e0 trong ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u h\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ng \u201c.<\/em> Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 lo ng\u1ea1i \u201cm\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang b\u1ecb t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i\u201d<\/em>, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9ng\u201d, <\/em>b\u1edfi v\u00ec theo Ng\u00e0i: \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e2u m\u1edbi t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 v\u00e0 20 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 Cha M.J. Lagrange (h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kinh Th\u00e1nh ti\u00ean phong) v\u00e0 Cha Yves Congar ( m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Vatican II). N\u0103m 1970, nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Gr\u00ea-g\u00f4-ri-\u00f4 IX (\u0110\u1ea5ng phong th\u00e1nh cho \u0110a Minh n\u0103m 1234<\/em>), \u0110\u1ee9c Phaol\u00f4 VI nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cho bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb che khu\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7y s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i . Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. NH\u00c0 GI\u1ea2NG THUY\u1ebeT KHI\u00caM T\u1ed0N<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 \u00e1o \u0111en hay \u00e1o tr\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n\u201d<\/em>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp sinh \u0110a Minh th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c anh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gia nh\u1eadp D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111an s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n anh gia nh\u1eadp D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 \u0111i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 \u201ckh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i d\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh v\u1ea1ch ra v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ra \u0111i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng lan kh\u1eafp c\u00f9ng b\u1edd c\u00f5i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 ra \u0111i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em Tin M\u1eebng \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00easu Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng trang ph\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 t\u00f9y \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eefng ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed5i thay. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong th\u1eddi Trung c\u1ed5, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh (v\u0129nh c\u01b0). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 nam n\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng gia t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n th\u00e2n cho Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa. L\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng B\u00ean\u00eadict\u00f4 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t khung c\u1ea3nh an h\u00f2a trong k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a l\u0169y c\u1ea5m, xa kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m chia tr\u00ed hay b\u1ecb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng do nh\u1eefng sinh h\u1ecdat c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef l\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt \u0111an tu ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc Thi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 ngay t\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh ki\u1ec3u m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u1ed7i kh\u00e1t mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, \u00edt c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Tin M\u1eebng h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, x\u00e9t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2m ra e ng\u1ea1i th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 13, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i b\u00ean \u00c2u ch\u00e2u, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ed9t li\u00ean minh ch\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, li\u00ean minh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa, do m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 linh m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o sao cho th\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c. Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu h\u01a1n h\u1eb3n h\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra n\u1ed5i ch\u00e2n dung \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f4 n\u01a1i h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3, Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngay trong l\u00f2ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 loan b\u00e1o Tin M\u1eebng \u0110\u1ee9c Kit\u00f4 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau, Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Phan-xi-c\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o: can \u0111\u1ea3m s\u1ed1ng ngh\u00e8o tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa quan ph\u00f2ng, d\u00e1m s\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa tr\u1ea7n gian, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9n d\u1eadt theo ki\u1ec3u s\u1ed1ng \u0111an tu, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 tha nh\u00e2n; ri\u00eang Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh, Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi anh em ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u1ea1ch l\u1ea1c d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ebf m\u00e0 thi h\u00e0o Dante \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh nh\u01b0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau n\u1ed3ng n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o<\/em>\u201c. N\u1ebfu Th\u00e1nh Phan-xi-c\u00f4 y\u00eau \u201cCh\u1ecb Ngh\u00e8o<\/em>\u201c, th\u00ec Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh y\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9c tin Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. \u01af\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ee5c s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111em Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c tin <\/strong>\u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Khi c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n tha thi\u1ebft nguy\u1ec7n xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban cho Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u01a1n c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn cho tha nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i h\u1eb1ng mong m\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn hi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Tin M\u1eebng nh\u01b0 Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i hay an to\u00e0n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 Tin M\u1eebng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 theo Ng\u00e0i, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng theo Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1eb3n m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ti\u1ebfn c\u1eed, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i x\u1eed s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb n\u00e0o khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i \u1edf v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 thi h\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ednh tr\u00ean h\u1ecd. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t van xin Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa ban l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 n\u00e0i xin con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u01a1m b\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u00ecnh. Nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 kinh t\u1ebf. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o Tin M\u1eebng, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang. Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00ecnh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng lo toan \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef \u2013 cam k\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 khi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i: \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 cho Tin M\u1eebng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Tin M\u1eebng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p ngh\u1eb9t b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c d\u00f2ng \u0111an tu r\u1ea5t \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4n ngoan tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed1i nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb sa ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u00e1i c\u0169ng ti\u00eau ma. Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m, l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 con tim v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n lu\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Abraham, v\u00e0 can \u0111\u1ea3m d\u00f5i theo nh\u1eefng n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u00eau l\u01b0u trong vi\u1ec7c v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1eady d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 che ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c M\u1eb9 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1eady nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 canh ph\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. CON NG\u01af\u1edcI T\u1ef0 DO C\u1ee6A TIN M\u1eeaNG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp m\u1eebng 800 n\u0103m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sinh nh\u1eadt th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh, H\u1ed3ng Y Villot \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c<\/strong>. V\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in \u0111\u1eadm trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110a Minh. N\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh do vi\u1ec7c d\u00e1m m\u1ea1o hi\u1ec3m t\u00edn th\u00e1c n\u01a1i Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa <\/em>v\u00e0 d\u00e1m tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1edf d\u0129 Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t ngay t\u1eeb bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u khi Ng\u00e0i thi h\u00e0nh t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i d\u00e1m c\u1eady nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1; m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd mu\u1ed1n t\u1eb7ng trao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u1eefng ai theo Ng\u00e0i, \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m Ng\u00e0i. Tuy t\u1ecf ra r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn; nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecd t\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda hay khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o, n\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u l\u00fac n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 canh ch\u1eebng h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecd mang m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i khi h\u1ecd vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt D\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. T\u1ea4M L\u00d2NG CHIA S\u1edaT S\u1ea6U \u0110AU<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ng n\u0103m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh. Qua \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i l\u00e0m sao. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1195, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110a Minh \u0111ang l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean Cao \u0111\u1eb3ng Palencia, sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y ban nha; Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang h\u1ecdc Th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch qu\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o. G\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c noi theo, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, khi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eady c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em> ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i su\u1ed1t c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1n n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n s\u00e2u sa \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 theo ki\u1ec3u anh h\u00f9ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 theo Ng\u00e0i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan y\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 thi th\u1ed1 l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7n t\u1ebf b\u1ea7n \u1edf Palencia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. NH\u00c0 T\u1ed4 CH\u1ee8C \u0110\u1ea0I T\u00c0I<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 g\u00ec khi th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Diego \u0111ang l\u00e0 B\u1ec1 tr\u00ean kinh s\u0129 \u0111o\u00e0n \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00e1nh to\u00e0 Osma. \u0110ang chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean cho kinh s\u0129 \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0110a Minh gia nh\u1eadp. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1195 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh s\u0129 c\u1ee7a kinh s\u0129 \u0111o\u00e0n nh\u00e0 th\u1edd ch\u00e1nh to\u00e0 Osma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n tu tr\u00ec, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chung v\u00e0 ri\u00eang. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c kinh s\u0129 kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1201, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn nhi\u1ec7m c\u1eaft c\u1eed v\u00e0o ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 ph\u00f3 b\u1ec1 tr\u00ean. D\u1ea7u v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n khao kh\u00e1t hi\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i tha nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kinh s\u0129, nh\u01b0ng \u01a1n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf kinh s\u0129 \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa k\u00eau g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1203, Diego b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Osma \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Castile c\u1eed l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0110an M\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u h\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc Scandinavia. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u0110a Minh th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 hai Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0110a Minh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi \u0110an M\u1ea1ch, h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00eam t\u1ea1i Toulouse. V\u00e0 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u00e8 r\u1ed1i Albigense. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c\u1ea5y, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 qu\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng ta nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c tin C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego v\u00e0 \u0110a Minh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. Ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u1eef tu. S\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i cho T\u1ed5ng Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Lund. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Lund \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd \u0111em th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Osma ngay, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i Roma; Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha \u0111\u1ec3 xin t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec7m h\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o cho d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0110a Minh c\u0169ng \u1edf trong k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3 hai ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tham gia truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n Baltic \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c \u0110an M\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi, \u0110a Minh v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1eeba sai trong v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em t\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n cho Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn. D\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego v\u1eabn c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e2ng ph\u1ee5c. Khi Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111i ngang qua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ba v\u1ecb d\u00f2ng Xit\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n nam n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 g\u1eb7p th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u0103n kho\u0103n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean b\u1ecf s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh hay ch\u1ec9 b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129 m\u00e0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean do ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng ba hay \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 n\u0103m 1205, trong khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u1edf Montpellier th\u00ec Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng cho l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o lan r\u1ed9ng, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 h\u00e0ng gi\u00e1o s\u0129. H\u1ecd n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego nh\u1eadn ra ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng l\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1edbn lao m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o \u0111ang c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i r\u1ea5t kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 mang d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00e2m. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u00fac \u00e2m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1eebng nh\u00e0, rao truy\u1ec1n Tin M\u1eebng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4. T\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ba tu s\u0129 Xit\u00f4 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea9m cao c\u1ea5p tu s\u0129 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng h\u1ee3p. V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 Xit\u00f4 c\u0169ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng coi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed v\u00e0o n\u0103m t\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t \u0111an vi\u1ec7n Th\u1ee5y s\u0129 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda do c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 lo li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng sau c\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m ba tu s\u0129 Xit\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1eeba \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u1eeba kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c theo ki\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n, ba tu s\u0129 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ngay n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Ng\u00e0i cho \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng v\u1ec1, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0110a Minh theo m\u00ecnh. Hai ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng Tin M\u1eebng quanh mi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. NH\u00c0 TRUY\u1ec0N GI\u00c1O KH\u00d3 NGH\u00c8O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ec7nh ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn. D\u00f9 sao, nh\u1eefng cung c\u00e1ch t\u00e1o b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 quan. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ea3y sinh m\u1ed9t cung c\u00e1ch rao gi\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110a Minh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sau n\u00e0y, theo s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c s\u1eed gia \u0110a Minh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng \u0110a Minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tham gia nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i ra \u0111i. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0110a Minh v\u1eabn ki\u00ean tr\u00ec \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng 10 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 trong kh\u1eafp v\u00f9ng Languedoc. Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 sau m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n tranh lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 150 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tham gia v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd C\u00f4ng Gi\u00e1o. Trong th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i do cung c\u00e1ch rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i n\u0103m 1207, Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego qua \u0111\u1eddi; V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft. S\u1ef1 ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0110a Minh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cai qu\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i do Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c Diego \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1edf Prouille. Ch\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u1eef tu vi\u1ec7n \u0110a Minh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1m s\u00e1t s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u00f2a Th\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha Innocent III \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn trong to\u00e0n mi\u1ec1n. Ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi vua n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p gia nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o binh Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1. V\u00e0o n\u0103m sau, cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn k\u00e9o \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ea3y ra, g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c h\u01a1n sau c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh t\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1 Simon de Montfort. Ch\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng b\u00e8 Albigense \u0111\u00f3, \u0110a Minh ch\u1ec9 chuy\u00ean lo vi\u1ec7c \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Simon de Montfort, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 D\u00f2ng kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0110a Minh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tham gia tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng binh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u0129 kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1215 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea1i Toulouse v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed9t th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia gi\u00e0u t\u00ean l\u00e0 Peter Selhan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0. V\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Peter n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thomas \u0111\u00e3 gia nh\u1eadp D\u00f2ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean kh\u1ea5n trong tay \u0110a Minh. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh Toulouse l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Fulk Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn Toulouse, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ca s\u0129 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ni\u1ec1m n\u1edf \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp \u0110a Minh v\u00e0 anh em Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 coi c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1o, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. T\u1ed4 PH\u1ee4 D\u00d2NG GI\u1ea2NG THUY\u1ebeT<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf t\u1ea1i Toulouse, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c Fulk d\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng Laterano IV n\u0103m 1215. Nh\u01b0ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i Roma xin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u00e1nh Cha ch\u00fac l\u00e0nh cho C\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 D\u00f2ng Anh Em Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c Gi\u00e1m M\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n cho s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, tr\u1eeb phi d\u00f2ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn s\u1ed1ng theo m\u1ed9t tu lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0110a Minh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Toulouse th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi anh em. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1216, sau khi Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c anh em \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn lu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh Augustin\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c Honorio III, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Innocent III ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn m\u1ecdi th\u1ec9nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, D\u00f2ng Anh Em Gi\u1ea3ng Thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, D\u00f2ng ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tu h\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1o ph\u1eadn; nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1216, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng khi \u1edf Roma, Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y anh em t\u1eebng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u00fac \u00e2m kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1217 Ng\u00e0i sai m\u1ea5y anh em t\u1edbi Paris \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng anh em kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi T\u00e2y Ban Nha. Trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdc l\u00ean \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, \u00dd; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai \u0111i m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1eefa n\u0103m 1216 v\u00e0 1220 th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c anh em ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3 thi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a anh em ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i ngh\u00e8o. Ng\u00e0i k\u00eau g\u1ecdi anh em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ngay trong ch\u00ednh c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1edfi l\u1ee3i t\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n g\u00ec c\u1ea3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1220.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. H\u1eccC T\u1eacP V\u00c0 RAO GI\u1ea2NG<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m<\/strong> quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc<\/strong>. \u1ede Toulouse, trong n\u0103m 1215, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a anh em \u0111\u1ebfn theo h\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc gia ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Alexander Stavensby. R\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i g\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 anh em t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Paris. Nh\u00e0 \u1edf c\u1ee7a anh em c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i coi nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadt ti\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, \u0110a Minh ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u0103m 1221, ngay khi \u0111\u1ebfn N\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Oxford.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0110a Minh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft<\/strong>. \u0110\u1ec3 thi h\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i ch\u00faa v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 Ch\u00faa Th\u00e1nh Linh soi s\u00e1ng cho l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tr\u1ea5n an anh em b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed nh\u1eefng anh em tr\u1ebb \u0111i rao gi\u1ea3ng, khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0o Ch\u00faa s\u1ebd ban cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 rao gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110a Minh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 lu\u00f4n \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng tr\u00ean h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho D\u00f2ng m\u1edbi l\u1eadp, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i xa v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. V\u00e0 khi c\u1ea7n, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng chi\u00eau m\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u0110a Minh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i d\u00e1m tin l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u01a1n rao gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng tham gia v\u00e0o \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. PH\u1ee4 N\u1eee TRONG D\u1ef0 PH\u00d3NG C\u1ee6A TH\u00c1NH \u0110a Minh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110a Minh c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Honorio III d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111an vi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c n\u1eef tu \u1edf Roma. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u0111an vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c n\u1eefa, khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecb em mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Sixto \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3; nh\u01b0ng D\u00f2ng Gilbertines \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng quan t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u0103m 1218, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1ng hai n\u0103m 1221, m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1eef tu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 th\u1edd Th\u00e1nh Sixto, d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cai qu\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t n\u1eef \u0111an vi\u1ec7n \u1edf Madrid v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n n\u1eef tu kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u1edf Bologna.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. T\u1ed4NG H\u1ed8I TI\u00caN KH\u1edeI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 1220, \u0110a Minh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdp T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i \u1edf Bologna. Trong T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i tha thi\u1ebft xin anh em cho Ng\u00e0i th\u00f4i tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o D\u00f2ng; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 anh em \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Ng\u00e0i ra s\u1ee9c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c anh em, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ng\u00e0i, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 ra nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng. \u00cdt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m anh em kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t \u00fd ri\u00eang Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ean anh em. Ng\u00e0i xin c\u00e1c anh em tr\u1ee3 s\u0129 h\u00e3y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n lo li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong D\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 anh em t\u01b0 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Anh em kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi T\u1ed5ng H\u1ed9i k\u1ebft th\u00fac, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n D\u00f2ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh; sau n\u00e0y, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1221, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chi ti\u1ebft li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0110a Minh l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/em>. Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u201clu\u1eadt Th\u00e1nh\u201d v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng; v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a D\u00f2ng. B\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mi\u1ec5n chu\u1ea9n cho anh em kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 hay k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ng\u0103n tr\u1edf vi\u1ec7c rao gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ng\u1ecf cho s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n hay s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng khi t\u00edn c\u1ea9n cho anh em quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00eau tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau T\u1ed5ng H\u1ed9i, \u0110a Minh l\u1ea1i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m. N\u0103m 1221, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda T\u1ed5ng h\u1ed9i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng b\u1ea3y, Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Bologna, v\u00ec qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 6 th\u00e1ng t\u00e1m n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI TH\u00c1NH \u0110a Minh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1233, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 phong th\u00e1nh cho \u0110a Minh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, v\u00e0 trong di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, ch\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0110a Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn Bologna \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng. Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ai quen bi\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i hay c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadt r\u00f5 n\u00e9t v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0111i nghe l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng \u0110a Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n th\u1eadt s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng v\u00e0 l\u00e2u gi\u1edd. Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n chen l\u1eabn ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u01a1i l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng khi\u1ebfn anh em th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c. Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 m\u1ee7i l\u00f2ng. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3c khi c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5ng v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 khi khi gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00f2ng say m\u00ea c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh rao gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc, ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian cho hai vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c anh em \u201d lu\u00f4n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi Ch\u00faa hay n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa<\/strong>\u201d v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f4n n\u00f3ng n\u1eafm l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, ngay c\u1ea3 khi Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 khi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00faa, Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 suy g\u1eabm hay h\u00e1t th\u00e1nh v\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4i khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh: \u201cCh\u00fang ta h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng C\u1ee9u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta<\/em>\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9 m\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh Kinh v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n mang theo Tin M\u1eebng th\u00e1nh Matth\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 Phaol\u00f4. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch anh em tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n sinh nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a L\u1eddi Ch\u00faa. Hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p s\u01a1 khai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1eadp sinh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u201clu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecdc hay ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec<\/em>\u201c. \u0110a Minh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u00edch l\u1ee3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1eddi gi\u1edd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn \u201ctr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu \u00edch cho linh h\u1ed3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng ti\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110a Minh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 kh\u00e9o ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00edch nghi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 coi nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh \u1edf tu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00ecnh ngay t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu. Cho d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u00edt v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng cha m\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c T\u00e2y Ban Nha: Cha l\u00e0 Felix Guzman v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 Joan d\u2019Aza. C\u1ea3 hai d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Castile. M\u1eb9 Ng\u00e0i n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u0111e d\u1ecda. H\u1ecd h\u00e0ng b\u00e0 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 D\u00f2ng Hi\u1ec7p S\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf T\u00e2y ban Nha \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 Kit\u00f4 gi\u00e1o. Caleruega n\u01a1i \u0110a Minh sinh ra n\u0103m 1170 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi trong khu v\u1ef1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Moor m\u1edbi b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u00ecn xa tr\u00f4ng r\u1ed9ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ec5 th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh nh\u1eady v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110a Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, l\u1ecbch s\u1ef1 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft trong quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Tin M\u1eebng, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng phong tr\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi can \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u00e0 nh\u00fat nh\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft: \u201cT\u00f4i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ai s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 Ch\u00faa khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n r\u1ed7i c\u00e1c linh h\u1ed3n h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y\u201d. <\/em>M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, Do th\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u1edbc Jordano Saxon, \u0110\u1ea5ng k\u1ebf v\u1ecb Cha \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0110a Minh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y: \u201cNg\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u1eeb khi Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng; v\u00e0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i tim h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0m n\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n qua s\u1ef1 t\u1eed t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 vui t\u01b0\u01a1i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa, n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd hay kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh sau khi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m. G\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i vui nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u201c<\/em>. \u201c\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng n\u01a1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ec5 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh m\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngay khi g\u1eb7p tha nh\u00e2n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd m\u1ed9 m\u1ebfn. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u, \u0111i v\u1edbi anh em hay \u1edf l\u1ea1i trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n hay Gi\u00e1m m\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. G\u1eb7p ai Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00edch l\u1ec7. B\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u giai tho\u1ea1i hu\u1ea5n d\u1ee5 phong ph\u00fa, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e9o m\u1edf l\u00f2ng m\u1edf tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a Ch\u00faa Kit\u00f4 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u l\u00fac n\u00e0o, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Tin M\u1eebng.<\/strong> Ban ng\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh h\u01a1n, vui v\u1ebb h\u01a1n Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u01b0ng ban \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1t s\u1eafng canh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n h\u01a1n Ng\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i l\u00eca th\u1ebf, anh em kh\u00f3c th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i h\u1ee9a s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho anh em h\u01a1n khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1221, theo m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n gian c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0110a Minh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0110a Minh \u2013 con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eabn nghe th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfng Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra. Th\u00e1nh Catarina Sienna n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00e0y nay, l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u0110a Minh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u201d qua vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con c\u00e1i Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0110a Minh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 nam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eef \u2013 trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi ranh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb nh\u01b0: Thomas Aquino, Alberto c\u1ea3, Catarina Sienna, Bartolom\u00e9 de Cas Casas, Martin de Porres Fra Angelico, Savonarola, Meister Eckhart v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

_Simon Tugwell, O.P._<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

1. V\u1eca T\u1ed4 PH\u1ee4 \u1ea8N DANH \u201cS\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau qua nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d (Vat. II). Qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c, trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta m\u1ebfn ph\u1ee5c ngay […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3374,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3372","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tidbit"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3372"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3375,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3372\/revisions\/3375"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3374"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3372"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/daminhptvn.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}